BACKGROUND Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by hypocalcemia and low or undetectable levels of parathyroid hormone. METHODS This review is an evidence-based summary of hypoparathyroidism in terms of relevant pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic concepts. RESULTS Many clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism are due to the lack of the physiological actions of parathyroid hormone on its 2 major target organs the skeleton and the kidney. The skeleton is inactive, accruing bone without remodeling it. The kidneys lose the calcium-conserving actions of parathyroid hormone and, thus, excrete a greater fraction of calcium. Biochemical manifestations, besides hypocalcemia and low or undetectable levels of parathyroid hormone, include hyperphosphatemia and low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Calcifications in the kidney, brain, and other soft tissues are common. Removal of, or damage to, the parathyroid glands at the time of anterior neck surgery is, by far, the most likely etiology. Autoimmune destruction of the parathyroid glands and other genetic causes represent most of the other etiologies. Conventional treatment with calcium and active vitamin D can maintain the serum calcium level but high doses may be required, adding to the risk of long-term soft tissue calcifications. The advent of replacement therapy with recombinant human PTH(1-84) represents a major step in the therapeutics of this disease. CONCLUSIONS Advances in our knowledge of hypoparathyroidism have led to greater understanding of the disease itself and our approach to it. © Endocrine Society 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.In last year's issue 4 of Biochemical Journal, Zhou et al. (Biochem J. 476, 733-746) kinetically and structurally characterized the reductase IsfD from Klebsiella oxytoca that catalyzes the reversible reduction in sulfoacetaldehyde to the corresponding alcohol isethionate. This is a key step in detoxification of the carbonyl intermediate formed in bacterial nitrogen assimilation from the α-aminoalkanesulfonic acid taurine. In 2019, the work on sulfoacetaldehyde reductase IsfD was the exciting start to a quite remarkable series of articles dealing with structural elucidation of proteins involved in taurine metabolism as well as the discovery of novel degradation pathways in bacteria. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides able to cross the cellular membranes without any interaction with specific receptors. Thanks to their ability to transport various cargo inside the cells are emerged as powerful therapeutic agents alternative to small molecules. In recent years, numerous preclinical studies provided promising results for the treatment of various human diseases. Several CPP-conjugated compounds are under clinical trials. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.BACKGROUND Multiple surgical techniques to perform minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) evacuation are currently under investigation. The use of an adjunctive aspiration device permits controlled suction through an endoscope, minimizing collateral damage from the access tract. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mivebresib-abbv-075.html As with increased experience with any new procedure, performance of endoscopic minimally invasive ICH evacuation requires development of a unique set of operative tenets and techniques. OBJECTIVE To describe operative nuances of endoscopic minimally invasive ICH evacuation developed at a single center over an experience of 80 procedures. METHODS Endoscopic minimally invasive ICH evacuation was performed on 79 consecutive eligible patients who presented a single Health System between March 2016 and May 2018. We summarize 4 core operative tenets and 4 main techniques used in 80 procedures. RESULTS A total of 80 endoscopic minimally invasive ICH evacuations were performed utilizing the described surgical techniques. The average preoperative and postoperative volumes were 49.5 mL (standard deviation [SD] 31.1 mL, interquartile range [IQR] 30.2) and 5.4 mL (SD 9.6, mL IQR 5.1), respectively, with an average evacuation rate of 88.7%. All cause 30-d mortality was 8.9%. CONCLUSION As experience builds with endoscopic minimally invasive ICH evacuation, academic discussion of specific surgical techniques will be critical to maximizing its safety and efficacy. Copyright © 2020 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons.Cannabis is the most commonly used psychoactive drug. In recent years, Cannabis access has expanded for both medicinal and non-medicinal has grown. This is also marked with an increasing number of individuals gaining employment in this emerging industry. In this article, we briefly discuss the health hazards associated with Cannabis exposure with an emphasis on the potential for allergic reactions in workers who handle and process Cannabis plant. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.STUDY QUESTION Is the failure of the selective progesterone receptor modulator ulipristal acetate (UPA) as emergency contraception (EC; 30&nbsp;mg, single) or inadvertent exposure for myoma treatment (5&nbsp;mg/d) in pregnancy associated with a higher risk of birth defects, spontaneous abortion (SAB) or elective termination of pregnancy (ETOP)? SUMMARY ANSWER We did not find an increased risk for birth defects, SABs or ETOPs after UPA exposure during implantation and early embryogenesis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Pregnancy outcome data after exposure to UPA are very limited. In cases of EC failure or unplanned pregnancy during myoma treatment, women need well-grounded risk assessment to minimize anxiety and prevent unjustified termination of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Observational study of prospectively ascertained pregnancies from the German Embryotox institute with UPA exposure (EC, n&nbsp;=?95; myoma, n&nbsp;=?7). Four retrospectively reported pregnancy outcomes were evaluated separately. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 226 requests on ulipristal were directed to the German Embryotox institute during the study period 2010-2018.